Are you thinking about setting up a cloud for deployment in your business or enterprise? Have you planned it out yet? If so, how far have you gotten with it? If you haven’t begun the setup process, check out this list of things to consider before you start deploying that cloud. It might confirm your belief that you’re on the right track — but it could persuade you otherwise.

1: Time is always an issue

The time you spend attempting to deploy a cloud will be time you never get back. Unless you happen to have a spare whiz kid hanging out in your IT department, most likely you (or your department) do not have the time to dedicate to the creation of a cloud. It’s not easy (see #3 below), and you will wind up starting over more than once.

2: Hardware needs are huge

Do you have fast enough disks? Enough RAM? Fast enough network pipes? Clouds are monsters and need monstrous hardware. Attempting to serve up a cloud on a standard server will probably only lead to frustration. And the machines they serve up on can’t be just any old machine, either — even the clients need to have some beef to them.

3: The process is difficult

Creating a cloud is no easy feat. I have spent solid weekends trying get the Ubuntu Eucalyptus cloud set up (only to be burned by #2 above). Not only is it time consuming, it is challenging. Before you begin to enter that first command (or double-click that first button), you’d better read as much as you can to understand the technology behind what you are about to deploy.

4: Network speed can be a pain

If your network isn’t as speedy as you can possibly make it, you might wind up with a lot of frustrated users. You can’t serve up a cloud without some serious bandwidth. And the more users you have, the bigger the pipes you’ll need. Are you ready to shell out the #5 for this?

5: Cost is a deal breaker

New hardware. New software. New networking hardware. It all adds up to a big negatory to many a cloud enthusiast. The server alone would break many SMBs’ IT budgets. You need huge hard drives to hold images, you need tons of RAM to keep the machine going, you need the fastest CPUs you can buy — that’s a hefty server. Amazon can do this because it has huge data farms. Your SMB does not enjoy such a beast. Are you ready to shell out the money?

6: Image(s) is(are) everything

When setting up a Eucalyptus server, you can download plenty of images to serve up. Fedora, Ubuntu, CentOS, and more. Can you (and your server hard disks) cover all of the images you might need within your company? And that doesn’t include apps you might need to serve up. It gets really confusing at this point. Have you done your homework? (See #3.)

7: Reliability will bring you down

I have always said (of thin clients, app servers, and now clouds) a single point of failure… will! Murphy’s Law is highly prevalent when it comes to cloud computing. Think about it. When serving up clouds, you have that much more to fail. Not only can applications and hardware fail, but your network can go down as well. And when your network goes down, your workers aren’t working. That’s bottom line, buddy.

8: Security is not on duty

How do you secure a cloud? It’s taken you how long to get your internal LAN as secure as possible? And now you’re considering the addition of yet another level of complexity to the mixture? What happens if you need to serve up data outside of the company firewall? Can you allow those telecommuters to continue telecommuting? Probably not. And when that happens, you will have a revolt on your hands.

9: It’s not environmentally sound

You know that server you built to serve up your cloud? The one that sounds like an old Pontiac Trans Am being driving by a guy with a mullet named Bud? It’s sucking down megawatts of power, and you can’t just turn that puppy off. Clouds, as they stand right now, are not environmentally friendly. And in an age when many companies are trying to put their greenest foot forward, clouds are about as irresponsible as incandescent lights.

10: Platform agnosticism is not a religion

That Eucalyptus cloud I was referring to serves up Linux. If I wanted to serve up Windows, I’d be using a Windows cloud system. Clouds almost always force you into a single platform. In today’s Windows, Mac, Linux world, a single platform won’t do. True, most SMBs are working on Windows, which means you will be using a Windows cloud platform (which means you will be shelling out plenty of cash). But if you’re lucky enough to have a homogenous environment, a cloud might not be your best bet.

Cloud computing is one of the hottest topics in IT these days, with Microsoft, Google, Amazon, and other big players joining in the fray. However, the technology brings with it new terminology that can be confusing. Here are some common cloud-related terms and their meanings.

Advertising-based pricing model

A pricing model whereby services are offered to customers at low or no cost, with the service provider being compensated by advertisers whose ads are delivered to the consumer along with the service.

Amazon EC2

Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud Web service, which provides resizable computing capacity in the cloud so developers can enjoy great scalability for building applications.

Amazon S3

Amazon Simple Storage Services — Amazon’s cloud storage service.

CDN

Content delivery network — A system consisting of multiple computers that contain copies of data, which are located in different places on the network so clients can access the copy closest to them.

Cloud

A metaphor for a global network, first used in reference to the telephone network and now commonly used to represent the Internet.

Cloud broker

An entity that creates and maintains relationships with multiple cloud service providers. It acts as a liaison between cloud services customers and cloud service providers, selecting the best provider for each customer and monitoring the services.

Cloud operating system

A computer operating system that is specially designed to run in a provider’s datacenter and be delivered to the user over the Internet or another network. Windows Azure is an example of a cloud operating system or “cloud layer” that runs on Windows Server 2008. The term is also sometimes used to refer to cloud-based client operating systems such as Google’s Chrome OS.

Cloud Oriented Architecture

A term coined by Jeff Barr at Amazon Web Services to describe an architecture where applications act as services in the cloud and serve other applications in the cloud environment.

Cloud portability

The ability to move applications and data from one cloud provider to another. See also Vendor lock-in.

Cloud provider

A company that provides cloud-based platform, infrastructure, application, or storage services to other organizations and/or individuals, usually for a fee.

Cloud storage

A service that allows customers to save data by transferring it over the Internet or another network to an offsite storage system maintained by a third party.

Cloudsourcing

Replacing traditional IT services with cloud services.

Cloudstorming

Connecting multiple cloud computing environments.

Cloudware

Software that enables creating, deploying, running, or managing applications in the cloud.

Cluster

A group of linked computers that work together as if they were a single computer, for high availability and/or load balancing.

Consumption-based pricing model

A pricing model whereby the service provider charges its customers based on the amount of the service the customer consumes, rather than a time-based fee. For example, a cloud storage provider might charge per gigabyte of information stored. See also Subscription-based pricing model.

Customer self-service

A feature that allows customers to provision, manage, and terminate services themselves, without involving the service provider, via a Web interface or programmatic calls to service APIs.

Disruptive technology

A term used in the business world to describe innovations that improve products or services in unexpected ways and change both the way things are done and the market. Cloud computing is often referred to as a disruptive technology because it has the potential to completely change the way IT services are procured, deployed, and maintained.

Elastic computing

The ability to dynamically provision and de-provision processing, memory, and storage resources to meet demands of peak usage without worrying about capacity planning and engineering for peak usage.

External cloud

Public or private cloud services that are provided by a third party outside the organization.

Google App Engine

A service that enables developers to create and run Web applications on Google’s infrastructure and share their applications via a pay-as-you-go, consumption-based plan with no setup costs or recurring fees.

Google Apps

Google’s SaaS offering that includes an office productivity suite, email, and document sharing, as well as Gmail, Google Talk for instant messaging, Google Calendar and Google Docs, spreadsheets, and presentations.

HaaS

Hardware as a service; see IaaS.

Hosted application

An Internet-based or Web-based application software program that runs on a remote server and can be accessed via an Internet-connected PC or thin client. See also SaaS.

Hybrid cloud

A networking environment that includes multiple integrated internal and/or external providers.

IaaS

Infrastructure as a service — Cloud infrastructure services, whereby a virtualized environment is delivered as a service over the Internet by the provider. The infrastructure can include servers, network equipment, and software.

IBM Smart Business

IBM’s cloud solutions, which include IBM Smart Business Test Cloud, IBM Smart Analytics Cloud, IBM Smart Business Storage Cloud, IBM Information Archive, IBM Lotus Live, and IBM LotusLive iNotes.

Internal cloud

A type of private cloud whose services are provided by an IT department to those in its own organization.

Mashup

A Web-based application that combines data and/or functionality from multiple sources.

Microsoft Azure

Microsoft cloud services that provide the platform as a service (see PaaS), allowing developers to create cloud applications and services.

Middleware

Software that sits between applications and operating systems, consisting of a set of services that enable interoperability in support of distributed architectures by passing data between applications. So, for example, the data in one database can be accessed through another database.

On-demand service

A model by which a customer can purchase cloud services as needed; for instance, if customers need to utilize additional servers for the duration of a project, they can do so and then drop back to the previous level after the project is completed.

PaaS

Platform as a service — Cloud platform services, whereby the computing platform (operating system and associated services) is delivered as a service over the Internet by the provider.

Pay as you go

A cost model for cloud services that encompasses both subscription-based and consumption-based models, in contrast to traditional IT cost model that requires up-front capital expenditures for hardware and software.

Private cloud

Services offered over the Internet or over a private internal network to only select users, not available to the general public.

Public cloud

Services offered over the public Internet and available to anyone who wants to purchase the service.

SaaS

Software as a service — Cloud application services, whereby applications are delivered over the Internet by the provider, so that the applications don’t have to be purchased, installed, and run on the customer’s computers. SaaS providers were previously referred to as ASP (application service providers).

Salesforce.com

An online SaaS company that is best known for delivering customer relationship management (CRM) software to companies over the Internet.

Service migration

The act of moving from one cloud service or vendor to another.

Service provider

The company or organization that provides a public or private cloud service.

SLA

Service level agreement — A contractual agreement by which a service provider defines the level of service, responsibilities, priorities, and guarantees regarding availability, performance, and other aspects of the service.

Subscription-based pricing model

A pricing model that lets customers pay a fee to use the service for a particular time period, often used for SaaS services. See also Consumption-based pricing model.

Utility computing

Online computing or storage sold as a metered commercial service in a way similar to a public utility

Vendor lock-in

Dependency on the particular cloud vendor and difficulty moving from one cloud vendor to another due to lack of standardized protocols, APIs, data structures (schema), and service models.

Vertical cloud

A cloud computing environment that is optimized for use in a particular industry, such as health care or financial services.

Virtual private data center

Resources grouped according to specific business objectives.

VPC

Virtual private cloud — A private cloud that exists within a shared or public cloud, e.g., the Amazon VPC that allows Amazon EC2 to connect to legacy infrastructure on an IPsec VPN.

Windows Live Services

Microsoft’s cloud-based consumer applications, which include Windows Live Mail, Windows Live Photo Gallery, Windows Live Calendar, Windows Live Events, Windows Live Skydrive, Windows Live Spaces, Windows Live Messenger, Windows Live Writer, and Windows Live for Mobile.

We all have our preferences when it comes to operating systems some people prefer one of the many flavors of Windows, while others prefer one of the several distributions of Linux. It is all the matter of what works best for you. Another aspect that should be taken into consideration when determining which type of hosting you should use Windows or Linux/Unix, is what you intend to do on your website.

There are many differences between the two operating systems. However, when it comes to hosting there are just as many differences. Some people with Windows operating systems choose to use Linux/Unix hosting. On the other side of the coin, some people who use Linux/Unix operating systems choose to use Windows hosting. Do you find this confusing? If so, you are not alone. You may be wondering how this would work.

Well essentially, when you acquire hosting for your website, you are basically paying someone else to host your website on their computer. These computers also have operating systems. Therefore, when you choose Windows or Linux hosting, this will mean that the computer your website is run from is using that chosen operating system.

Windows Hosting

Windows is perhaps one of the most well-known and popular forms of operating systems. There are many advantages to using Windows hosting. Because millions of users have Windows and use the many Microsoft products such, using Windows hosting would allow you to easily integrate any of these products into your website. Windows hosting would also allow you to run ASP (Active Server Pages) on your website, which is placing dynamic content on your website using computer scripts.

What is great about Windows is that it boasts an easy to use interface perfect for beginners. There are usually many options such as ASP mail, Access Database, ASP.NET, and SQL Database, IIS, and PHP. Windows hosting also allows for publishing websites with FrontPage,

As with almost anything in this world, Windows hosting does have its disadvantages. One of the main disadvantages is the costs. One Microsoft server, if buying your own, will cost you a couple of thousand dollars, if you were running the software yourself. You have many choices when it comes to software such as Windows 2003, Advanced, and Windows 2000 server. However, with the competitiveness of the hosting industry, you will find the Windows hosting is extremely affordable when using a remote server.

Linux/Unix Hosting

Linux and UNIX hosting are two different types of operating system that are extremely similar to one another. In essence, the two are closely related something like cousins; therefore, they are generally combined in hosting. Now what is great about Linux/Unix is that you have the ability to integrate unmatched security into your website. There are also many other benefits of the duo that make it the choice for many people.

One such benefit is the fact that Linux/Unix is extremely compatible with PHP, which is the latest craze in programming languages. Cost is another very attractive benefit of the duo. In many cases, the operating system is free. Some distributors have begun to charge for the system, but many are still available for no costs. For little to no cost, additional software can be obtained for Linux/Unix such as BIND, Sendmail, Apache, and APF Firewall.

Security is probably the most popular benefit of using Linux/Unix hosting. The level of security offered by this duo is unmatched by Windows hosting. To add to the benefits, statistics show that this operating system offers more overall stability and control in operation as well.

With Linux/Unix hosting, you have the ability to integrate Chmod permission, Mod Rewrite, Apache Web server, as well as MySQL and PHP.

Of course, as with Windows hosting there are some disadvantages to using Linux/Unix hosting. The main disadvantage being ease of use. Unlike Windows hosting, Linux/Unix hosting does not contain an easy to use, user-friendly interface. Basically, it requires a large list of commands to use and is not recommended for the beginner. This type of hosting requires a great deal of technical knowledge and familiarity to install and control.

Which one is for you?

Well, in short, it depends on what you need. If you need intense security, PHP compatibility, have technical knowledge, and you do not need to have all the latest website features, Linux/Unix hosting may be the right choice for you.

However, if you need a website that offers ASP, an easy to use interface, and the ability to integrate Microsoft products, then Windows hosting is the best decision for you.

As you can see choosing between Windows hosting and Linux/Unix hosting, all depends on what you need on your website, your level of experience, and of course, your overall budget.

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This section covers uploading via FTP, Microsoft FrontPage, DirectAdmin’s file manager, and SSH.  You may upload using one or several of these methods.

Directory Structure

At the root of your account exists these directories:

/backups

/domains

/mail

/public_html

/backups

The /backups directory contains all the backups created through the control panel.  You will not have a /backups directory until you create a backup in the control panel.

/domains

The /domains directory contains the files relating to your hosting account(s).  Each domain hosted on your account has its own directory (/domains/yourdomain.com).  Within this directory is:

/logs             (monthly logs are stored here — the directory is created one month after your account is created)

/private_html  (all files accessed through SSL — https://)

/public_html  (files for your general website)

/public_ftp     (files for your FTP site)

/stats            (files created by Webalizer for the purpose of statistics — do not alter/delete this directory)

/mail

The mail directory includes files created by the server’s mail system.  Do not modify, delete, or add anything to this directory.

/public_html

The /public_html directory at the root of your account is actually a link to /domains/yourdomain.com/public_html.  If you have more than one domain hosted on your account, this link will forward you to the public_html directory of the last domain created on your account.

Home (index.html) File

The default file for any web directory is index.html.  That means when visitors access http://www.yourdomain.com, the server really sends them to http://www.yourdomain.com/index.html.  This works for any publicly accessible directory on your system, including subdomains.

When uploading a main web site for each directory remember to name it index.html.  Advanced users may utilize PHP files, shtml files, etc.  If your web site is not based in html, then make sure your main files are renamed index.extension (index.php, index.shtml, for example).

Uploading With FTP

Step 1:  Obtain FTP client software.

Uploading to the server through FTP requires special software.  Most computer systems do not come with FTP clients, so you will have to download one from the Internet.  We suggest:

IBM/Windows:  LeechFTP (free), WS_FTP LE (free), FTP Explorer (free),  CuteFTP (free trial).
Macintosh:  Fetch (free), Transmit (free trial).

Step 2:  Connect to the server.

All FTP clients need the following information:

Username – This is your control panel username.

Password – This is your control panel password.

Address – This is the address of the server.  Use ftp.yourdomain.com

Port – Use the default port (21).

Some clients may ask for the host type (select "auto"), ASCII/Binary/Auto (select "auto), and the initial remote folder (you may leave this blank or change it to /domains/yourdomain.com/public_html to start off in the main web directory).

Step 3:  Open the public_html directory and upload your files.

If you have more than one domain hosted on your account you should first enter the /domains directory, then the domain you want to edit, then the public_html directory.

To upload, highlight the files/folders on your computer and drag them into the appropriate directory on the remote server.  Each FTP client operates differently, so please consult its help file for complete instructions.

Uploading With MS FrontPage

FrontPage 98

1.  Make sure you are connected to the Internet.  Open your FrontPage Web.

2.  From the File menu, select "Publish FrontPage Web."

Note:  FrontPage can be configured to publish only changed pages.  Please enable this option.

3.  Select the proper host from the list.  If this is your first time publishing to your site, click "More Webs…"

4.  Enter your domain name as pictured above and click "OK."   Make sure to use WWW in your domain name.

5.  Leave the "FTP Server Name" box blank.  Leave "Directory To Publish" blank unless you wish to publish elsewhere.

6.  Click "Next."  You will be prompted for your username and password.  Click "OK."  Your Web will then be uploaded.

FrontPage 2000

1.  Make sure you are connected to the Internet.  Open your FrontPage Web.

2.  From the File menu, select "Publish Web…"

3.  Enter your web site address in the box, as pictured below.  Click "Publish."

Make sure to use WWW in your domain name.

  Note:  FrontPage can be configured to publish only changed pages.  Please enable this option ("Options" button).

4.  Enter your username and password.  Click "OK."

5.  FrontPage may ask if you wish to overwrite the files on the server.  Click "Yes."

6.  After the files are uploaded you will see the following window.  Click the link to view your updated web site.

FrontPage 2002

FrontPage 2002 publishing is very similar to FrontPage 2000 publishing:

1.  Make sure you are connected to the Internet.  Open your FrontPage Web.

2.  From the File menu, select "Publish Web…"  Make sure FrontPage only uploads changed pages.

3.  Enter your website to publish to (http://www.yourdomain.com).

Make sure to use WWW in your domain name.

4.  Enter your username and password.

Uploading With DirectAdmin’s File Manager 

1.  Sign into the control panel and click the "File Manager" icon.

2.  Navigate to the directory where you want to upload files.

3.  Click the "Upload files to current directory" button at the bottom of the screen.

4.  You will see eight (8) fields.  Click the "Browse" button to select the files you wish to upload.

     Click on "Upload Even More Files" if you wish to upload more than eight files at one time.

5.  Click "Upload Files."

Uploading Through SSH

With SSH you can sign into the server and download files directly from other servers.

Note:  Some hosts may disable the SSH feature for security purposes.

Note:  SSH should not be used by those unfamiliar with a Unix environment.

1.  Connect to the server with an SSH client and enter your username and password.

     If you don’t have an SSH client we suggest the freeware client Putty.

2.  Change to the directory where you want the files to be downloaded to.

3.  To download from a web server type: wget http://www.server.com/filename.ext

     To download from a FTP server type: wget ftp://username:password@ftp.server.com/filename.ext

To learn how to do more with the wget feature, follow this link.

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